How to design Network Diagram for a College Network?

Developing Strategic Management and leadership

Exclusive Summary

The British airway is one of the largest travel companies of the world providing different facilities in United Kingdom. These services included transportation of goods, clothes, heavy machinery and the most important thing is travel of passengers between UK and other European countries. It’s main and busiest centres are located in London including Heathrow as the busiest airport, but this company is working all over England with a proper management and structure.

The main objective of this report is to explain different aspects of strategic management and to enlighten different leadership style and development in leadership.

Initially, different concepts of strategic management and different leadership are explained step by step in the first phase of this report. However, the second part of this report explains the critical analysis of these two concepts and relationships between them.

Finally, the last part of this report expresses the brief justification of management and different theories and models of leadership. In conclusion, different development tricks and methods are expalineds which are used by Bristish airways in order to increase the performance of their organization.

1.

Preface:

This report is a brief study of strategic management and leadership at British airways. It analysis the different co aspects of management and leadership which are held inside British airways. The main purpose of this report is to reveal different managerial skills of British airways companies which are working as a leading company in the United Kingdom.

Firstly, different definitions of strategic management and leadership are inscribed. Then, afterwards relationship between strategic management and leadership are analysed. All those strategies to achieve corporate objectives used by British airways are also expressed in second portion of this report.

Finally, in the end all leadership theories and different leadership styles inside British airways are explained thoroughly.

Introduction and definitions:

2.1                             

The concept of strategic management:

Definition:

“Strategic management is a systematic analysis of those factors which are concerned with customers and competitors (the external environment), and organization itself, to provide the basis for changing the current managerial techniques to bring a solid reform in the organization. Its objective is to achieve better alignment of corporate policies and strategic priorities “

(businessdictionary.com)

Explanation:

 According to Braker in 1980;

“The direct organisational application of the concepts of business strategy that have been developed in the academic realm.

 That is, strategic management entails the analysis of internal and external environments of a firm, to maximise the utilization of resources in relation to objectives.”

As a brief analysis this above definition perfectly explains is a super ways to learn about weakness in the organization. It maps out a ways to bring some good changes and reforms in the organizational environment.

2.2

Leadership’s concept:

Definition:

“Leadership can be defined as the act of establishing a clear vision, sharing and communicating that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, providing information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision and coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members or stakeholders “

(businessdictionary.com)

Explanation of the concept:

According the Glenn (2008) leadership is the capability to influence people to set aside their personal concerns and support a larger agenda at least for a while. He stressed that effective leaders stimulate the people of their nation to bring changes and revolution in the organization.

Similarity, Bennis 1999 also have the same opinion that leadership is a function of knowing oneself, having a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues and taking effective action to realize your own leadership potential.

Review and Analysis

3.1      Relationship between strategic management and leadership:

The main purpose of British airways organization is to properly explain their corporate objectives and vision. According to vision of British airways, the customers should fly safely and happily.

 Their aim is to facilitate their customers during their journey as much as they can.  For this purpose different strategies are implemented to overcome these corporate objectives. The management of these strategies are separated into four main categories:

-         Environment

-         Community

-          Market place

-          Workplace

As according to study of British airways the strategic management includes those decisions and actions that are taken by the management to increase the performance of organization, however, leadership is just an individual or group of people to achieve a particular aim.

Strategic management at British Airways includes its long-term vision statement, (which is to be the world’s leading global premium airline), a scan of external factors that will affect the operationalization of the vision, strategic plans and policies based on the result of the scan in comparison with the strengths and drawbacks of British Airways.

 The external factors that influence the operations of British Airways vision include political, environmental, social and technological and economic factors (see table 1.0 below).

External Factors	Examples
Political	Political concerns affecting British Airways ranges from operating restrictions, route agreements, new government policies
Environmental	Environmental issues include restrictions on flight zones pollution, pressure to reduce carbon footprint.
Social	Social effects include employee staffing issues, disputes, unions’ pressures.
Technological	Technological advancement. Competitors advancing in technology on baggage handling, check-ins
Economic	Factors here include interest rates government interactions exchange rates, price wars, competition from low-fares airlines

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Table 1.0

Structure of a Program

Probably the best way to start learning a programming language is by writing a program. Therefore, here is our first program: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 // my first program in C++ #include using namespace std; int main () { cout << "Hello World!"; return 0; } Hello World! The first panel (in light blue) shows the source code for our first program. The second one (in light gray) shows the result of the program once compiled and executed. To the left, the grey numbers represent the line numbers - these are not part of the program, and are shown here merely for informational purposes. The way to edit and compile a program depends on the compiler you are using. Depending on whether it has a Development Interface or not and on its version. Consult the compilers section and the manual or help included with your compiler if you have doubts on how to compile a C++ console program. The previous program is the typical program that programmer apprentices write for the first time, and its result is the printing on screen of the "Hello World!" sentence. It is one of the simplest programs that can be written in C++, but it already contains the fundamental components that every C++ program has. We are going to look line by line at the code we have just written: // my first program in C++ This is a comment line. All lines beginning with two slash signs (//) are considered comments and do not have any effect on the behavior of the program. The programmer can use them to include short explanations or observations within the source code itself. In this case, the line is a brief description of what our program is. #include Lines beginning with a hash sign (#) are directives for the preprocessor. They are not regular code lines with expressions but indications for the compiler's preprocessor. In this case the directive #include tells the preprocessor to include the iostream standard file. This specific file (iostream) includes the declarations of the basic standard input-output library in C++, and it is included because its functionality is going to be used later in the program. using namespace std; All the elements of the standard C++ library are declared within what is called a namespace, the namespace with the name std. So in order to access its functionality we declare with this expression that we will be using these entities. This line is very frequent in C++ programs that use the standard library, and in fact it will be included in most of the source codes included in these tutorials. int main () This line corresponds to the beginning of the definition of the main function. The main function is the point by where all C++ programs start their execution, independently of its location within the source code. It does not matter whether there are other functions with other names defined before or after it - the instructions contained within this function's definition will always be the first ones to be executed in any C++ program. For that same reason, it is essential that all C++ programs have a main function. The word main is followed in the code by a pair of parentheses (()). That is because it is a function declaration: In C++, what differentiates a function declaration from other types of expressions are these parentheses that follow its name. Optionally, these parentheses may enclose a list of parameters within them. Right after these parentheses we can find the body of the main function enclosed in braces ({}). What is contained within these braces is what the function does when it is executed. cout << "Hello World!"; This line is a C++ statement. A statement is a simple or compound expression that can actually produce some effect. In fact, this statement performs the only action that generates a visible effect in our first program. cout is the name of the standard output stream in C++, and the meaning of the entire statement is to insert a sequence of characters (in this case the Hello World sequence of characters) into the standard output stream (cout, which usually corresponds to the screen). cout is declared in the iostream standard file within the std namespace, so that's why we needed to include that specific file and to declare that we were going to use this specific namespace earlier in our code. Notice that the statement ends with a semicolon character (;). This character is used to mark the end of the statement and in fact it must be included at the end of all expression statements in all C++ programs (one of the most common syntax errors is indeed to forget to include some semicolon after a statement). return 0; The return statement causes the main function to finish. return may be followed by a return code (in our example is followed by the return code with a value of zero). A return code of 0 for the main function is generally interpreted as the program worked as expected without any errors during its execution. This is the most usual way to end a C++ console program. You may have noticed that not all the lines of this program perform actions when the code is executed. There were lines containing only comments (those beginning by //). There were lines with directives for the compiler's preprocessor (those beginning by #). Then there were lines that began the declaration of a function (in this case, the main function) and, finally lines with statements (like the insertion into cout), which were all included within the block delimited by the braces ({}) of the main function. The program has been structured in different lines in order to be more readable, but in C++, we do not have strict rules on how to separate instructions in different lines. For example, instead of 1 2 3 4 5 int main () { cout << " Hello World!"; return 0; } We could have written: int main () { cout << "Hello World!"; return 0; } All in just one line and this would have had exactly the same meaning as the previous code. In C++, the separation between statements is specified with an ending semicolon (;) at the end of each one, so the separation in different code lines does not matter at all for this purpose. We can write many statements per line or write a single statement that takes many code lines. The division of code in different lines serves only to make it more legible and schematic for the humans that may read it. Let us add an additional instruction to our first program: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 // my second program in C++ #include using namespace std; int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; cout << "I'm a C++ program"; return 0; } Hello World! I'm a C++ program In this case, we performed two insertions into cout in two different statements. Once again, the separation in different lines of code has been done just to give greater readability to the program, since main could have been perfectly valid defined this way: int main () { cout << " Hello World! "; cout << " I'm a C++ program "; return 0; } We were also free to divide the code into more lines if we considered it more convenient: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 int main () { cout << "Hello World!"; cout << "I'm a C++ program"; return 0; } And the result would again have been exactly the same as in the previous examples. Preprocessor directives (those that begin by #) are out of this general rule since they are not statements. They are lines read and processed by the preprocessor and do not produce any code by themselves. Preprocessor directives must be specified in their own line and do not have to end with a semicolon (;). Comments Comments are parts of the source code disregarded by the compiler. They simply do nothing. Their purpose is only to allow the programmer to insert notes or descriptions embedded within the source code. C++ supports two ways to insert comments: 1 2 // line comment /* block comment */ The first of them, known as line comment, discards everything from where the pair of slash signs (//) is found up to the end of that same line. The second one, known as block comment, discards everything between the /* characters and the first appearance of the */ characters, with the possibility of including more than one line. We are going to add comments to our second program: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 /* my second program in C++ with more comments */ #include using namespace std; int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; // prints Hello World! cout << "I'm a C++ program"; // prints I'm a C++ program return 0; } Hello World! I'm a C++ program If you include comments within the source code of your programs without using the comment characters combinations //, /* or */, the compiler will take them as if they were C++ expressions, most likely causing one or several error messages when you compile it.

Requirement analysis

Introduction:

In computing, requirement analysis is an important phase in order to develop a successful system or business project. It can be defined as a set of tasks to gather information about needs, conditions and requirements of users and new system which is going to be implemented.

The success of a system/software or a project is highly dependent upon requirement analysis phase, where all the financial, technical and main requirements are analyzed properly in order to develop a successful system.

Explanation:

Requirement analysis is a pre-phase before developing any project in business organizations. This technique is not only used in computing but in any business project. Basically, in this phase all the requirements and needs of new systems are analyzed and explained. The system/project developer briefly analyzes the drawback of current system or requirements which should be available in new system.

 For this purpose, he may conduct interviews and surveys in order to gather user’s problems and requirements which they want to be available in new system. He can also use a questionnaire to gather information by different customers and employees linked with this project.

All financial and technical requirements are analyzed properly that whether the cost of system is manageable or development of new system will be successful or not.

In this phase all requirements are inscribed on paper and analyzed properly including an initial design of system which will explain that how this system will work in future. In short, requirement analysis is just a phase to analyse all the requirement of a system. The success of a project is highly dependent upon this phase. It shows that this is a key phase to design and develop a successful system.

Example:

For example if the developer wants to develop hotel management software, there are some questions which should come in his mind.

-          What would be the total cost of the system?

-          Can it facilitate the customer more than the current system?

-          How it can minimize employee’s burden?

-          Is it faster than current system?

-          What kinds of new function would be available in new system?

-          What are problems with current working system?

-          What would be the outlook or front view of new system?

-          Is it much user friendly than current system?

-          What are problem of current system?

-          Can company bear the financial expenses of the new system?

-           

Making CV

How to write a successful CV

• What is a C.V.?
• When should a CV be used?
• What information should a CV include?
• What makes a good CV?
• How long should a CV be?
• Tips on presentation
• Fonts
• Different Types of CV
• Targeting your CV
• Emailed CVs and Web CVs
• Media CVs (separate page)
• Academic CVs (separate page)
• Example CVs and Covering Letters (separate page)
• Further Help

What is a CV?

Curriculum Vitae: an outline of a person's educational and professional history, usually prepared for job applications (L, lit.: the course of one's life). Another name for a CV is a résumé.

A CV is the most flexible and convenient way to make applications. It conveys your personal details in the way that presents you in the best possible light. A CV is a marketing document in which you are marketing something: yourself! You need to "sell" your skills, abilities, qualifications and experience to employers. It can be used to make multiple applications to employers in a specific career area. For this reason, many large graduate recruiters will not accept CVs and instead use their own application form.

Often selectors read CVs outside working hours. They may have a pile of 50 CVs from which to select five interviewees. It's evening and they would rather be in the pub with friends. If your CV is hard work to read: unclear, badly laid out and containing irrelevant information, they will just just move on to the next CV. Treat the selector like a child eating a meal. Chop your CV up into easily digestible morsels (bullets, short paragraphs and note form) and give it a clear logical layout, with just the relevant information to make it easy for the selector to read. If you do this, you will have a much greater chance of interview.

An application form is designed to bring out the essential information and personal qualities that the employer requires and does not allow you to gloss over your weaker points as a CV does. In addition, the time needed to fill out these forms is seen as a reflection of your commitment to the career.

There is no "one best way" to construct a CV; it is your document and can be structured as you wish within the basic framework below. It can be on paper or on-line or even on a T-shirt (a gimmicky approach that might work for "creative" jobs but not generally advised!).

When should a CV be used?

• When an employer asks for applications to be received in this format
• When an employer simply states "apply to ..." without specifying the format
• When making speculative applications (when writing to an employer who has not advertised a vacancy but who you hope my have one)

What information should a CV include?

Personal details

Normally these would be your name, address, date of birth (although with age discrimination laws now in force this isn't essential), telephone number and email.

Education and qualifications

Some employers may spend as little as 45 seconds skimming a résumé before branding it “not of interest”, “maybe” or “of interest. BI Business School

Your degree subject and university, plus A levels and GCSEs or equivalents. Mention grades unless poor!

Work experience

• Use action words such as developed, planned and organised.
• Even work in a shop, bar or restaurant will involve working in a team, providing a quality service to customers, and dealing tactfully with complaints. Don't mention the routine, non-people tasks(cleaning the tables) unless you are applying for a casual summer job in a restaurant or similar.
• Try to relate the skills to the job. A finance job will involve numeracy, analytical and problem solving skills so focus on these whereas for a marketing role you would place a bit more more emphasis on persuading and negotiating skills.
• "All of my work experiences have involved working within a team-based culture. This involved planning, organisation, co-ordination and commitment e.g., in retail, this ensured daily sales targets were met, a fair distribution of tasks and effective communication amongst all staff members."

Interests and achievements

Writing about your interests

Reading, cinema, stamp-collecting, embroidery Suggests a solitary individual who doesn't get on with other people. This may not be true, but selectors will interpret the evidence they see before them.

Reading, cinema, travel, socialising with friends. A little better. At least a suggestion that they can get on with other people.

Cinema: member of the University Film-Making Society Travel: travelled through Europe by train this summer in a group of four people, visiting historic sites and practising my French and Italian Reading: helped younger pupils with reading difficulties at school. This could be the same individual as in the first example, but the impression is completely the opposite: an outgoing proactive individual who help others.

• Keep this section short and to the point. As you grow older, your employment record will take precedence and interests will typically diminish greatly in length and importance.
• Bullets can be used to separate interests into different types: sporting, creative etc.
• Don't use the old boring cliches here: "socialising with friends".
• Don't put many passive, solitary hobbies (reading, watching TV, stamp collecting) or you may be perceived as lacking people skills. If you do put these, than say what you read or watch: "I particularly enjoy Dickens, for the vivid insights you get into life in Victorian times".
• Show a range of interests to avoid coming across as narrow : if everything centres around sport they may wonder if you could hold a conversation with a client who wasn't interested in sport.
• Hobbies that are a little out of the ordinary can help you to stand out from the crowd: skydiving or mountaineering can show a sense of wanting to stretch yourself and an ability to rely on yourself in demanding situations
• Any interests relevant to the job are worth mentioning: current affairs if you wish to be a journalist; a fantasy share portfolio such as Bullbearings if you want to work in finance.
• Any evidence of leadership is important to mention: captain or coach of a sports team, course representative, chair of a student society, scout leader: "As captain of the school cricket team, I had to set a positive example, motivate and coach players and think on my feet when making bowling and field position changes, often in tense situations"
• Anything showing evidence of employability skills such as teamworking, organising, planning, persuading, negotiating etc.

Skills

• The usual ones to mention are languages (good conversational French, basic Spanish), computing (e.g. "good working knowledge of MS Access and Excel, plus basic web page design skills" and driving ("full current clean driving licence").
• If you are a mature candidate or have lots of relevant skills to offer, a skills-based CV may work for you

References

• Normally two referees are sufficient: one academic (perhaps your tutor or a project supervisor) and one from an employer (perhaps your last part-time or summer job). See our page on Choosing and Using Referees for more help with this.

How to download videos from facebook?

When viewing a video on Facebook, simply add the word "down" just before "facebook.com" in the link in the address field of your browser. For example if you're watching this video:

http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=70409658791

Just add the word "down" to look like this:

http://www.downfacebook.com/video/video.php?v=70409658791

Now just load that link into your browser (enter or click Go) and follow the instructions to download the video from Facebook.