Friday, 16 December 2011

Our behavior reflects our personality?

Behavior is our reaction toward a thing or how we react in a certain situation.
it is one of the most important factor in our lives, which might be superficial
in order to adopt different positive things, but it might drags away a person from
from his track leading to his destination. So, many things are involved in behavior which
includes, How people tackle things? or How they get stressed by little things. it's because they don't have a strong hold on their behavior's improvement. Behavior can't be perfect but it may be sharpened.


According to my observation, the whole judgement about a person could be derived from his personality. As, its is said that "First Impression is the last impression." To some extents, i agree with this quotation, but in reality a concrete analysis about a person or any assumption is not possible to be made about someone without clearly understand and interacting with his personality. One of the important aspect of personality if behavior. Behaviors are different in different situations. It depends, so, easy to make an assumption but hard to really prove and stick on it.

As, personality is an important part in human being's life. Everyone is different and everyone has his own style of thinking, feeling, analyzing and reacting towards a particular situation. So, if you wanna justify a person, that what type of Person he is? don't go straightly towards his personality, Just interact and analyse his behavior in certain situation as well as his whole personality.
based on those conditions it becomes easy to understand about the behavior of people.

Friday, 9 December 2011

Wow I did my Assignments just before submission's Night!

Assignment a word who is most irritating for students especially when you have to do multiple assignments in a shorter period. Majority of students love word assignments because they hate exams. 
Why they hate exams? So many reasons are secreted behind this mysterious question. Only A student can imagine and feel this sweet pain opposed by our teachers, examination system and many more. In short, They hate Exams because they have to struggle to pass them. The main problems behind Exams are :
- you can't skip a chapter.
- Mostly things would come out of course.
- if you left one chapter by saying, Oh! its not important. The Whole exams paper will be filled with that question next day.
- you have to pass them to save yourself from disrespect especially from parents.
- you have to struggle, sometimes, last nights struggle helps to get A grade.
A bunch of reasons could be detailed as a reasons to hate exams.


Why some Students Love Assignments?


Most of the students love doing assignments because they don't have to do anything. They will just repeat only  two steps. i,e. CTRL+C & CTRL+ V. Wow All Done!!!!!!


This is amazing only if you pass that assignment which you have done in two steps. This thing is most popular in South Asia ( Pakistan, India) Not a blame just analysis says.
The idea would never work, if your assignment is going through online plagiarism  checker. Ultimately, Some people end up by getting Zero, But amazingly, it helps a lot.


i would talk about love for assignments and odium for Exams!!! Exams are always boring. we have to sacrifice our sleep, efforts, Although  most of us keep on sleeping on last night as well. Mainly, Students love assignments because they know that they will finish it in one day or night. This is obvious in student life. I would like to highlight those champs who always make a plan to start and finish their assignments during term time, but their plans always fly in a space-shuttle. They would look in a great hurry in couple of days before submission date. Some of them would try to get an extension in deadline, but all their hopes just dies by giving a heart attack that the tutor is not giving a single extra day. 
So, finally What they do!! The Last point is so funny. Those who just use Two Steps as mentioned above, finish their 4-5 Assignments in one night. However, some of them succeed to do a bit of research and they accomplish their deadline by working under pressure. This thing is really helpful in certain cases to work under pressure. There are some student who always perform more than their caliber, if they have some external driving force which is constantly pushing pressure on them. That's why they get good grades in the end. 
But it is obvious, that a one late night's study can't compete with the whole semester night's study. 







To be continued... 




Wednesday, 7 December 2011

Who is a Teacher in reality?

Teacher is the most influencing personality who flourishes our life. He is the one who start teaching us since our childhood. The most prominent and the most amazing person who serves his life to convey his knowledge to the next generation. A countless numbers of essays could be written in appraisal of a teacher. Teacher the person who brings change in the society. The person who is working on the back end to flourish the life of millions in the society. According to my analysis, The Most Important and The Best Teacher was Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W). He is the most Honorable Personality and a Brilliant Teacher who reformed in Arab Society and Taught them what they never knew?
I would like to put a short light on Quran's Verse:
iqra bismi rabbikallazee khalaq
Theme:
"Read! In the Name of the Lord, Who Created Men from a clot of blood. Read! Thy lord who is most bounteous. He taught you by pen, those things which you never knew"
reference: Surah Al-Alak (http://protectedbook.blogspot.com/2005/11/read-in-name-of-your-lord.html)
Today, I would like to enlighten the real status and honor that a Teacher is really deserving to have. He is the real  front end fighter of nations. A nation is always formed by guidance and day long hard work which is teacher does to brought up his students. A teacher will never be jealous, In fact the most prideful moment comes when the student makes an achievement.
Our History is holding a countless numbers of teacher who have done remarkable things in their life, but Alas! People forget everything once they jump in their practical lives.
Teacher is the person who neither  makes the destiny of student nor he changes the destiny, but he is the person who helps people to choose the path (destiny) which is really suitable for them.

to be continued....


Friday, 2 December 2011

Managing Professional Development

Managing Professional Development
    Introduction
All the human being are contestant, and everybody has different qualities and capabilities which they acquire throughout the learning of their life. We keep on learning throughout our life time. So, those learned skills help us in workplace environment, where everybody has to contest with his colleagues in order to prove his 
efficiency and power of continence.
The performance and future position of a venture or organisation is totally dependent upon the professional condition of its employees and workers. A healthy developed management can lead an organisation toward his main dream or helps in assessing its main aims and objectives.
To be effective the development of workplace and managerial skills must return the current and projected essentials of the organization. It is a perilous responsibility of senior management to recognise the core consistencies of the enterprise and to ensure that the consistencies required by managers, specialists and the workforce in general are adequate and adequate. Contestant people are the key to future success and offer organizations their only sustainable competitive advantage.
Professional development is an on-going process involving of activities that enhance professional growth. It may include workshops, independent reading and study, conferences, and consultation with peers and experts. Since its primary purpose is to benefit the individual, professional development should be planned and managed by the individual. As a part-time teacher of adults, you may develop your professional development plan in consultation with your supervisor, and you may receive help from others in evaluating and modifying teaching practices.








2.    P1 (13.1.01)
Performance management:
Performance management is a process which is used to measure the performance of the organisation, individuals and employees with in any organisation led by line managers.
                                    (Michael Armstrong)
Performance management refers to the skills of attracting highly skilled workers, of integrating new workers, and developing and retaining current workers to meet current and future business objectives. Performance management in this context does not refer to the management of entertainers. Companies engaging in a performance management strategy shift the responsibility of employees from the human resources department to all managers throughout the organization.
 The process of attracting and retaining profitable employees, as it is increasingly more competitive between firms and of strategic importance, has come to be known as "the war for performance." Performance management is also known as HCM (Human Capital Management).            
Performance review:
performance is a necessary step in order to keep organisation on track. Likewise, performance management is also a vital tool used by managers in order to keep track of individuals and their working capabilities. Following are some golden rules which could by prove as great helping material for mangers to measure the performance.

Be prepared:
Firstly, if we are justifying our own performance, we have to be ready to face any kind of challenges that may come in our business management life.
Discuss performance:
I order to review individual or own performance discussion should be made which must be factual and full of evidences. That discussion should not include any individual opinion.
Encourage analysis of performance:
While reviewing performance there is no need to mere appraise the performance. It should be critically analysed by keeping in view all the well and bad performances.
Assessing own performance:
As a performance analyser, there are few tasks which must be kept in mind while assessing the own performance.
1.      Seeing yourself as others see you.
2.      Being overly critical of yourself.
3.      Understanding your theories.
4.      Setting realistic standards for you.
5.      Attempting to master things beyond your reasonable control.
One way to handle all of this is to think like a project manager in assessing yourself.  This can help to remove some of the emotion and personal attachment from the effort. For example, you can:
1.      Ask others for an honest performance assessment of yourself, and pointed ask for feedback about specific aspects of your performance, maybe about a very specific situation you are handling.
2.      Document your beliefs. What is most important to you?  What is least important?  To what extent are you really familiar with your deep seated beliefs?  Recurring stresses can give you a hint.
3.      What job performance standards are you setting for yourself? Are you stretching far enough?  Are you setting yourself up for success?

3.    P2 (13.1.02)
Conduct a self-assessment inventory:

Name
4.    Mr. John W loger
address
London, England
Position
Cashier
Department
HR
Date of birth
02-03-1980
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               



Personal profile

I am reliable individual who believes that education and hard work is the key to progress forward in life. I am able to communicate with individuals of all ages and of all different backgrounds. I am extremely polite and like to treat others how I would like to be treated.
I am able to apply knowledge and understanding to practice and to analyze any problem if and when they occur. I have good organizational skills and I am also very contestant in liaising with people.
I am a quick learner and I am able to follow instructions well. I am also happy to share knowledge with others. I enjoy working with a team but also enjoy opportunities to develop my personal role.
I am an energetic and enthusiastic person who enjoys a challenge and achieving personal goals. My present career aim is to work within IT because I enjoy working with computers, I enjoy the environment and I find the work interesting and satisfying. The opportunity to learn new skills and work with new technologies is particularly attractive to me.


Experience

Shepherd foods                           sales assistant/cashier                                      August2010- present
I am working as a sales assistant for shepherd foods. My duties include serving customers and helping them in finding different products available at the shop. Moreover I also work on till as a cashier. I find myself so convenient with all the workers and I produce good output as a team member.                                                                               
St. Francis Library                         Library' Assistant                                               August 2008- January 2009
I have worked as a library assistant at my School for one year. I have good experience of working as a team member to ensure that we provide good quality of service for the students and customers who came to use the library facilities.  I have good computer skills. I have also experience of handling library database.

Interest and Achievements

I am interested in reading books and learning new things. I try to get information about latest                                      
Technology. Mostly, I spend my free time in playing football and different games. I also surf internet to
Browse about economics and marketing. 
I have worked for ESEF (Elementary society to excel in future) NGO as a volunteer. I supported majority
Of student and did their career counselling via this organization. We used to collect charity for students
Who were unable to pay their school dues?  (www.esef.org.pk)

SKILLS
I have good customers’ service skills. I can work as a good team member.
I have good computing skills in following:
Software’s and programming
Microsoft office including Microsoft word, Excel, power point and Access.
Multimedia Design and website designing
Computing             GW Basic, C++, HTML, OOP, OFFICE MANAGEMENT                                  



Date:
Employee signature

Print Name
Employer name
Print name





4.     P3 (13.1.03):
devise and maintain a current CV and/or portfolio of work

Resume


John W. logers
938 Adams St
Anoka, MN 55303
763-229-3958
johnhelgeson@mnsu.edu


Objective:
To help people better their life. I enjoy working with others and working in a business where I can be of help to someone. Children are my passion, my dream job is to work with children and help them learn.



Skills:
Microsoft Office
Microsoft Publisher
3 Years of Retail Experience
Great Communication Skills
Can answers Telephones

 Enjoy a Challenging Career
 Very Experienced in Customer Service

Education
St. John High School
June 200
Graduated with high honours and a 3.2 GPA
 London city university
Secondary Education, History and Sociology
Present

Was on Dean's list with a 3.3 GPA
May 2009



Experience

Guest Service Team Member at Coon Rapids and Mankato Target
November 2006- Current
Assist customers in a fun, fast, and friendly manor.
Trained in new cashiers
Work as a team with other employees

Volunteer Library Assistant
April 2007-June 2007
Assist a first grade teacher with grading, lesson planning, and tutoring.
Help students with reading and math skills

Volunteer Preschool Assistant
January 2007-April 2007
Assist children with snack, clean up, and activity time


Volunteer at Lincoln Community Centre
January 2009-May2009
Tutor ESL adults in math, reading, and science
Assist teachers with grading, lesson plans, and answering student's question

5.     P4
Devise a personal development plan to achieve personal targets and short and long term learning objectives:
Personal development plan should cover overall progress. A plan would be considered effective if it nurtures your personality on all fronts; like;

·        The career and the financial aspect
·        The social aspect
·        Relationships
·        Health
·        Emotional aspect

Personal development is independent of the age or gender of the person. Any day one decides, one can start working on developing the self and reap rich harvests in the form of higher productivity and satisfaction.

Another imperative aspect of personal development plan is that the enforcement of the plan is perennial; it is a 24/7 process; if focused on properly, it will give the best results. One has to be aware of it every moment of one’s life.

Before developing a personal development plan just ponder if it would help you. Analyze the areas where you need to emphasize and what approach you would take while developing a personal development plan.




What should a good personal development plan focus on?

A wide-ranging outline of a self-development plan could be as follows:

1.      List your Short and long term goals and career objectives.

The more one does on the career front, the better one feels. The craving to accomplish more takes precedence and the confidence of achieving all that you want to realise, soars high.

So the first step to develop a personal development plan is to make a list all that you’ve accomplished till now.
Look at it positively. See how your work has benefitted you all along.
Make another list of what more you want to accomplish. Incorporate into that list all the upcoming projects you’d like to undertake.

Think clearly how much exposure and experience will you derive by following each aspiration.
Also consider how strongly it would affect you if you fail to achieve those desired accomplishments.

Thus evaluate and prioritize the projects and goals for future. Set up a mandatory tag to the ones those are extremely important and set up a dead line for each of those important achievements which can act as mile stones in shaping up your career.

1.       Perform a SWOT analysis.

The first step to develop a personal development plan is to perform a SWOT analysis.
 By reviewing your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, give yourself a fair idea of where you stand and which areas you need to work on to accomplish the targets you had set for yourself in order to excel.
  
2.      Assess the resources available with you.

Check out all the resources you have and shortlist those you need and do not possess to accomplish your goals. Look at how you can use the ones which are available and how can you acquire those you lack.

According to the availability of the resources, if it’s required, modify the list of your desired accomplishments and the targeted goals.
This is a very important step to develop a personal development plan.

3.      Be an Opportunist.

Be observant, grab and hold the opportunities that arrive in front of you. Try to develop and advance yourself to the maximum with each experience.


4.      Incorporate learning naturally in your system.

Your personal development plan can be made successful only if followed diligently and applied throughout all times. Hence learning new skills and updating them should also come almost all the times, naturally and effortlessly.

5.      Discipline yourself for continued development and lifelong learning.

Develop self-discipline for continuing professional development. Personal development is a lifelong learning process which can be achieved through controlling your thoughts and training the mind to think in a required manner to achieve your aspirations.

6.      Try to keep yourself well informed and updated.

Try to keep yourself well informed about current condition and situations of surrounding.

6.      P5
Evaluate learning and development with original aims and objectives set in the development plan:

1.      Learning by swot analysis

SWOT analysis can help in assessing all the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats regarding your personality. It is a good way of learning about your aims and objectives.
  
2.      Learning by assessing sources.

Assessing available sources can give a good opportunity to individual to come up with a plan in the business organisation.

3.     Learning by being an Opportunist.
 Being an optimist is also a great power for learning. As we can learn by critically analyzing a topic from different perspectives.


4.      Discipline yourself

Being a disciplined and well organised individual is also a nice way to sharpen your personality.

6.      Learning by being updated by current situation.

Being aware about what is happening around is also helpful in learning about different mysteries and thing happening around the world. It keeps your well aware about your economical and current statistical situation.

7.      P6
Reset objectives in light of evaluation and feedback:

Change a qualitative (and quantitative where possible) model to get the rationale of existing and future separation minima standards.
1.      Develop high-level advanced operational concepts which complement existing European initiatives and aimed to enable reduced separation minima.
2.      Identify, in collaboration with ICAO, EUROCONTROL, the FAA, ANSPS and national regulators how to accomplish the change for the modified separation minima.
3.      Prioritize and select (at least) three potential separation minima reductions for detailed safety, efficiency and economic assessment. The selection and periodization of the cases will be accomplished based in different criteria, apart from the level of attainment of a set of separation goals objectives, related to safety, technical viability, efficiency, stakeholder acceptance and also in terms of their sequence of implementation over time.
4.      Identify and apply methods to safely and cost-effectively assess the prioritized separation minima reductions.
5.      Feedback the outcome of the safety and economy assessments towards the operational concept designee



8.      P7
Identify and create solution to work based problems
Technically speaking, Work is the quantity of energy transferred from one system to another but for question based on this topic-
Work is defined as the amount of job assigned or the amount of job actually done.

Problem on work are based on the application of concept of ratio of time and speed.|
Work is always considered as a whole or one. There exists an analogy between the time-speed-distance problems and work.

Work based problem are more or less related to time speed and distance.

Above mentioned definition of work throws light on three important points.

Work = 1 (as it is always measured as a whole) = Distance

Rate at which work is done = speed

Number of days required to do the work = Time

IMPORTANT FORMULAE FOR WORK RELATED PROBLEMS
If A can do a piece of work in 'a' number of days, then in 1 day  of the work is done. Conversely, if a man does  of work in a day, then he can complete the work in   days.

Example: If a man can complete a work in 10 days. How much work he can do in 6 days?
Solution:


A man performs in 10 days = 1 work.
= A man will perform in 1 day =   work
If A is 'x' times as good a workman as B, then he will take   of the time by B to do the same work.
Example: If A can complete a work in 10 days and B are 100 faster than A. How much time B will take to complete the work?

Solution:

A takes to perform 1 work = 10 days. %

= B will perform the same work =   time than A.

= B will take to perform the same work = 

9.      P 8
Communicate in a variety of style and in good manner:
Communications 
-          Communication is a way to transmit your messages to others. It represents your behaviour you attitude and differ aspects of your personality.
-          Following are some consideration which must be followed while communication.
-          In Japan, business cards are called meishi. Japanese give and receive meishi with both hands. It should be printed in your home language on one side and Japanese on the other. Present the card with the Japanese language side up.
-          The card will contain the name and title along with the company name, address and telephone number of the businessman. In Japan, businessmen are call "sarariman." A sarariman who does not have a
-          Take special care in handling cards that are given to you. Do not write on the card. Do not put the card in your pocket or wallet, as either of these actions will be viewed as defacing or disrespecting the business card. Upon receipt of the card, it is important to make a photocopy of the name and title of the individual in your mind. Examine the card carefully as a show of respect.
-          In a business situation, business cannot begin until the meishi exchange process is complete.
-          The customary greeting is the bow. However, some Japanese may greet you with a handshake, albeit a weak one. Do not misinterpret a weak handshake as an indication of character.
-          If you are greeted with a bow, return with a bow as low as the one you received. How low you bow determines the status of the relationship between you and the other individual. When you bow keep your eyes low and your palms flat next to your thighs. The business card should be given after the bow. This is very important to remember.
10.  P9
Effective time management strategies:
Be prepared to make drastic changes. Be creative to find and introduce different ways of doing things. If you need a starting point sees the 'Pareto Principle' (80:20 Rules), to assess what efforts and activities are most productive, and which are not. (See also the acronyms PAY and MILE - warning: there is adult content on the acronyms page.)
Manage your emails and phone calls - don't let them manage you. Ideally check at planned times, and avoid continuous notification of incoming emails.
The more senior you are the more selective you need to be about when to be available to receive phone calls.
Really think about how you currently spend your time. If you don't know, keep a time log for a few days to find out there's a free time management time-log template tool here. Knowing exactly what's wrong is the first step to improving it.
Challenge anything that could be wasting time and effort, particularly habitual tasks, meetings and reports where responsibility is inherited or handed down from above. Don't be a slave to a daft process or system.
Download and use the free time management assessment tool at the free online resources section, which will help you or another person to objectively judge your time management, and underlying issues.
Review your activities in terms of your own personal short-term and long-term life and career goals, and prioritise your activities accordingly.
Plan preparation and creative thinking time in your diary for the long-term jobs, because they need it. The short-term urgent tasks will always use up all your time unless you plan to spend it otherwise.
Use a diary, and an activity planner to schedule when to do things, and time-slots for things you know will need doing or responding to. There's as ample with examples on the new time management section.

P10
Methods for learning and personality development
Personality:
 Personality is a combination of different thing which includes behaviour, attitude, thinking, feeling and acting in different circumstances.
Everyone wants to be attractive to others.  To that end, having a good personality is vital - probably even more so than good looks. In fact, approximately 85% of your success and happiness will be a result of how well you interact with others. Ultimately, it is your personality that determines whether people are attracted to, or shy away from you.
Methods of learning and development:

1.     Be a better listener.
a.     Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was considered one of the most charming women in the world because she cultivated the skill of being an exceptional listener. She was known for the way she would look a person in the eyes, hang on their every word, and make them feel important. There is nothing more appealing than having someone listen to you intently making you feel like you're the only person in the world.
2.     Read more and expand your interests.
a.     The more you read and cultivate new interests, the more interesting you are to others. When you meet new people it gives you the opportunity to share what you know and to exchange your views with them.

3.     Have an Opinion.
a.     There is nothing more tiresome than trying to talk to someone who has no opinion on anything. A conversation has nowhere to go if you have nothing to expound on. If, however, you have an uncommon point of view or differing opinion, you are more interesting and stimulating to be with socially (unless you're a know-it-all, of course).  A unique outlook expands everyone's perspective.
4.     Meet New People.
a.     Make the effort to meet new people especially those unlike you. It not only exposes you to different cultures and alternative ways of doing things, it broadens your horizons. 
5.     Be yourself.
a.     The next most tiresome thing after having no opinions is trying to be something you're not. Molding yourself in order to fit in, or be accepted, usually backfires. Since each of us is unique, expressing that uniqueness is what makes us interesting. Attempting to be a carbon copy of someone else not only falls flat, but reveals a lack of authenticity. 

P11
Ways to encourage lifelong learning:

Lifelong learning:
Our lifelong learning policy for Scotland is about personal fulfilment and enterprise, employability and adaptability, active citizenship and social inclusion.
Lifelong learning is mainly about the training and learning that people can achieve after they leave school. We want to make it possible for more young people to stay on at school or college. And we want all pupils and students over 14 to gain work-based vocational learning and enterprise experience.

-          e-launching Individual Learning Accounts, to widen participation in adult learning
-          Asking the Enterprise Networks to strengthen Scotland's skills base. We have also asked them to make sure that Future skills Scotland and Careers Scotland have an increasingly active role in developing people's knowledge and understanding of the needs of the labour market
-          merging the Scottish Higher and Further Education Funding Councils
-          Promoting the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework to give people a better understanding about how they can build on their qualifications. This will help employers and individuals to see where any qualification sits in relation to another
-          improving the quality and consistency of information for learners, by developing learn direct Scotland’s national database of learning opportunities
-          improving the literacy and numeracy skills of 150,000 adults by 2006
-          piloting Business Learning Accounts with small businesses, providing them with the tools to link training needs with business growth
-          encouraging community-based learning
-          increasing the potential for students to transfer from college to university, by greater collaboration between the Scottish Qualifications Authority, colleges and universities when they develop qualifications

P12
Different sources of Primary and secondary Data:
Primary data:
There are different ways to collect primary data. For example primary data can be collected by following sources.
-         Surveys
-         Questionnaires
-         observations
-         interviews
1-    in-depth interviews
2-    structured interview
3-    unstructured interview
Sources of secondary research:
On the other hand, different sources for secondary research are categorised as.
-         Internet
-         Journals/newspapers
-         Magazines
-         Books
-         Media (TV, News, academic programs)
Explanation
Questionnaire:
            Questionnaire is an important type of primary research. It’s one of the best gadgets used to attempt market research. Normally, questionnaire is a sequence of organised questions related to a particular product or area of business that may handed to respondent to get information. This type of primary research is accompanied only when the interviews has shortage of time. So, the researcher just creates a questionnaire to pass it to concerned person to carry out research.
According to Brown (2001);”questionnaires are many written instruments that present respondent with a series of questions or statements to which they are to react either by writing out their answers or selecting form among existing answers”.
Interviews:
            Interview is one of the best ways to gather information directly by interviewing people related to research. By utilizing this method, researchers start their research by interviewing customers and employees related to the business in which they are carrying out their research. Interview may be short or long depending upon the availability of the interviewed person.
There are different types of interviews. Like for example;
-          Face to face interviews
-          Postal interviews
-          Telephonic interviews
-          Online interviews (video or audio conferencing)
Above all, face to face interview is one of the best ways of gathering primary data.
“A Customers interview is a conversation with customers and use of projects deliverables to define requirements and needs. Interviews are techniques for one-on-one uses needs assessments”.
                                                (Kendrick (2000)) The project management 2000 Edition
In this type of primary research, different face to face interviews and more than 50 people were interviewed on different areas on London as well as in college.
P 13
Presentation file is attatched with this folder.

















References:
Books:
ü  How to Be an Even Better Manager: A Complete A-Z of Proven Techniques and...
ü  By Michael Armstrong
ü  TIME MANAGEMENT
By Dr. Donald E. Wetmore 

ü  Ashton, D., Green, F. (1996) Education, Training and the Global Economy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
ü  Aspin, D.N., Chapman, J.D. (1997) The School, the Community and Lifelong Learning, Cassell, London.
ü  Bourdieu, P., (1986) "The Forms of Capital" in J. E. Richardson (ed.) Handbook of Theory of Research for the Sociology of Education, translated by R. Nice, Greenwood Press, Paris.
ü  Braverman, H. (1976) Labor and Monopoly Capital: the degradation of work in the twentieth century, Monthly Review, New York.
ü  Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell, Oxford.

Online references;